Chilibius

Class: Eutardigrada

Order: Parachela

Superfamily: Isohypsibioidea

Family: Isohypsibiidae

Click taxa for descriptions

Genus description (of Hypsibius (Isohypsibius) sculptus, with minor edits) from Ramazzotti 1962: “Lunghezza circa 200 µm. La cuticola è scolpita e presenta una granulazione estremamente fine, diffusa ovunque, anche sulla superficie ventrale. Il tubo boccale è stretto ed il suo diametro esterno è di circa 2.5 µm in un Tardigrado di 200 µm. Sempre per un individuo di queste dimensioni il bulbo — che contiene due macroplacoidi — misura 30 µm X 25 µm; il primo macroplacoide è un po’ più lungo del secondo ed ha una lieve strozzatura mediana; il microplacoide è assente.
Le diplounghie di ciascuna delle prime tre paia di zampe hanno grandezza quasi uguale; sul quarto paio di zampe la diplounghia esterna è poco più grande di quella interna; da notarsi che 1’aspetto delle diplounghie varia moltissimo a seconda dell’ angolo visuale, analogamente a quanto accade, per esempio, in Hypsibius augusti.
In questa specie infatti i due rami — principale e secondario – di ogni diplounghia sono uguali, o differiscono assai poco fra di loro in lunghezza.”

Translation (Google translate with manual correction): Approximately 200 µm in length. The cuticle is sculpted and features extremely fine granulation, widespread throughout, even on the ventral surface. The mouth tube is narrow, with an external diameter of approximately 2.5 µm in a 200 µm tardigrade. For an individual of this size, the pharyngeal bulb—which contains two macroplacoids—measures 30 µm x 25 µm; the first macroplacoid is slightly longer than the second and has a slight median constriction; the microplacoid is absent. The diploclaws of each of the first three pairs of legs are almost equal in size; on the fourth pair of legs, the external diploclaws are slightly larger than the internal ones. Note that the appearance of the diploclaws varies greatly depending on the viewing angle. In this species, in fact, the two branches – main and secondary – of each diploclaw are equal, or differ very little from each other in length.

Genus description from Tumanov et al. 2024: “Body cuticle with a layer of well discernible intracuticular pillars visible as dotted pattern in light microscopy. No tubercles. Buccal tube rigid. Pharynx spherical with two elongate macroplacoids. Microplacoids or septula absent. Claws of Isohypsibius-type.”

Chilibius pharyngeal apparatus
Cropped from Ramazzotti G. 1962. Tardigradi del Cile, con descrizione di quattro nuove specie et di una nuova varieta. Atti della Societa italiana di Scienze naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia naturale di Milano. 101: 275 – 287.
Chilibius claws IV
Cropped from Ramazzotti G. 1962. Tardigradi del Cile, con descrizione di quattro nuove specie et di una nuova varieta. Atti della Societa italiana di Scienze naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia naturale di Milano. 101: 275 – 287.

Citations:

Ramazzotti G. 1962. Tardigradi del Cile, con descrizione di quattro nuove specie et di una nuova varieta. Atti della Societa italiana di Scienze naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia naturale di Milano. 101: 275 – 287.

Tumanov DV, Shunatova NN, Fedyuk KA. 2024. Integrative description of Grevenius annulatus (Eutardigrada, Isohypsibioidea) from North-West Russia with new data on the species cuticular structure leads to the institution of a new genus. Zoologica Scripta. 00: 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12703

Claw Symmetry Relative To Median Plane Of Leg?

Image from Bingemer J, Hohberg K. 2017. An illustrated identification key to the eutardigrade species (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada) presently known from European soils. Soil Organisms. 89 (3): 127-149.

Stylet Support Insertion Point As Percentage Of Buccal Tube Length

Stylet support insertion point = ss divided by Buccal tube length, as %. Note anterior measurements begin at anterior margin of stylet sheaths, ss is centred where stylet supports reach buccal tube (this requires a good dorsal or lateral view for proper measurement)


Image from Tumanov DV. 2006. Five new species of the genus Milnesium (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Milnesiidae). Zootaxa. 1122: 1-23.

Buccal Tube Long, Mouth At Anterior Of A Protrusible Snout

Images from Pilato G, Binda MG. 2010. Definition of families, subfamilies, genera, and subgenera of the Eutardigrada, and keys to their identification. Zootaxa. 2404: 1-54.

Pharyngeal Tube With Spiral Reinforcement

Images from Pilato G, Binda MG. 2010. Definition of families, subfamilies, genera, and subgenera of the Eutardigrada, and keys to their identification. Zootaxa. 2404: 1-54.

Peribuccal papillae?

Images from Pilato G, Binda MG. 2010. Definition of families, subfamilies, genera, and subgenera of the Eutardigrada, and keys to their identification. Zootaxa. 2404: 1-54.

(Lateral) cephalic papillae, peribuccal papillae, Milnesiidae - type claws, exceptionally wide (and usually short) buccal tube?

Cephalic image modified from Nelson DR, Guidetti R, Rebecchi L. 2009. Tardigrada. Ch. 14 in Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates, Thorp JH, Covich AP (eds.), 3rd ed.

Claw image modified from Pilato G, Binda MG. 2010. Definition of families, subfamilies, genera, and subgenera of the Eutardigrada, and keys to their identification. Zootaxa. 2404: 1-54.

Pharyngeal tube flexible?

Note: in a tardigrade with snout extended, the flex of the pharyngeal tube may not be obvious.


Images from Pilato G, Binda MG. 2010. Definition of families, subfamilies, genera, and subgenera of the Eutardigrada, and keys to their identification. Zootaxa. 2404: 1-54.

Serrated / dentate cuff / collar on legs IV

Left image from Kristensen RM. 1987. Generic revision of the Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada), with a discussion of the origin of the family. pp. 261-335 in Bertolani R (ed). Biology of Tardigrades: Selected symposia and monographs.

Right Image from Richters F. 1926. Tardigrada. in Krumbach T. 1927. Handbuch der Zoologie, 3rd band, Walter de Gruyter & Co.

Leg sensory structures

Typically papilla on leg IV (se4 in image) and variable shape on leg I


Image from Kristensen RM. 1987. Generic revision of the Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada), with a discussion of the origin of the family. pp. 261-335 in Bertolani R (ed). Biology of Tardigrades: Selected symposia and monographs.

Trunk appendages

Appendages (after Cirrus A) labeled according to plate … B (Scapular plate), C (First segmental plate), D (Second segmental plate), E (terminal plate). “B” is lateral, “Bd” is dorsal

Be careful! There can be great variability within a population, with individuals (especially juveniles) lacking some appendages. When in doubt, focus on other characters first!


Left image from Ramazzotti G, Maucci W. 1983. Il phylum Tardigrada(III edizione riveduta e aggiornata). English translation by C. W. Beasley, 1995. Memorie dell’ Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia 41: 1-1012.

Right image cropped from Kristensen RM. 1987. Generic revision of the Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada), with a discussion of the origin of the family. pp. 261-335 in Bertolani R (ed). Biology of Tardigrades: Selected symposia and monographs.

Cirrus A form

Images modified from Kristensen RM. 1987. Generic revision of the Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada), with a discussion of the origin of the family. pp. 261-335 in Bertolani R (ed). Biology of Tardigrades: Selected symposia and monographs.

Lower image (Mopsechiniscus) modified from du Bois-Reymond Marcus E. 1944. Sobre tardigrados brasileiros. Communicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo. 1(13): 1-19 plus plates.

Terminal / caudal plate with two notches?

Images modified from Kristensen RM. 1987. Generic revision of the Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada), with a discussion of the origin of the family. pp. 261-335 in Bertolani R (ed). Biology of Tardigrades: Selected symposia and monographs.

First image (Echiniscus) modified from Richters F. 1926. Tardigrada. in Krumbach T. 1927. Handbuch der Zoologie, 3rd band, Walter de Gruyter & Co.

Inner & outer buccal cirri present

Image modified from Nelson DR, Guidetti R, Rebecchi L. 2009. Tardigrada. Ch. 14 in Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates, Thorp JH, Covich AP (eds.), 3rd ed.

Pseudosegmental plate between last medial plate & terminal plate?

Note on 2nd image, what you see before the terminal plate is either no plate, or a full-width medial plate; don’t confuse the latter with a pseudosegmental plate!
Also, sometimes the pseudosegmental plate is paired, like segmental plates II & III. It’s still pseudosegmental!

Images from Clifford HF. 1991. Aquatic invertebrates of Alberta. University of Alberta Press, Alberta, Canada.

Segmental plates larger than intersegmental?

Image modified from Lindahl & Balser (1999), http://www.iwu.edu/~tardisdp/Keypage35.html

Any Paired Plates?

Modified from Lindahl K, Balser S.  1999. Key to tardigrade genera [Internet]. Available from: https://sun.iwu.edu/~tardisdp/Keypage33.html