Thulyphoribius

Modified from Camarda D, Lisi O, Stec D, Vecchi M. 2025. Description of a new genus and species of Isohypsibioidea (Tardigrada), together with its mitochondrial genome sequence. Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny. 83: 427-445. DOI 10.3897/asp.83.e150460

Class: Eutardigrada

Order: Parachela

Superfamily: Isohypsibioidea

Family: Doryphoribiidae

Click taxa for descriptions

Genus description from Camarda et al. 2025: “Peribuccal lamellae or papulae absent, although in PCM, sometimes, internal septa in the buccal ring are visible giving the appearance of the presence of lamellae or papular lamellae. Buccal cone with 6 papular peribuccal lobes visible only under SEM and only when the buccal cone is fully extended. When observed laterally, the buccal tube appears to have two bends: the first, more pronounced, at the beginning of the anterior portion of the buccal tube, in correspondence with the area bearing the ventral lamina; the second, less pronounced, approximately halfway along the tube. A very short, protruding ventral strengthening lamina (similar to a large, well protruding crest) is present. The lamina has a modest notch approximately one-third along its length: the first third is nearly straight,with a smooth margin, the central portion (from 1/3rd to 2/3rd of the lamina length) has a convex, more thickened, and slightly serrated (more visible in bigger specimens) margin; the final portion of the posterior segment appears straight and smooth. Three macroplacoids (length sequence 2<3<1), with the first being very long and rod-shaped (more than twice the length of the second), showing a slight median incision; the second macroplacoid has granular shape; the third macroplacoid is elongated and nearly twice the length of the second. Pseudobiotus morphotype of the Isohypsibius-type claws, resembling those found in the genus Thulinius and Pseudobiotus, i.e., claws elongated, with a clear hump on the primary branch and with relatively elongated secondary branches br > 70%. Lunulae or pseudolunulae absent, but claw bases in all legs with internal septa clearly visible under LM, giving the impression of a “duck’s foot” shape; this particular structure showed to be more visible in specimens mounted in Hoyer’s than in specimens mounted in Polyvinyl Lactophenol, probably due to a stronger clearing effect of the former mounting medium.”

Slightly modified from Camarda D, Lisi O, Stec D, Vecchi M. 2025. Description of a new genus and species of Isohypsibioidea (Tardigrada), together with its mitochondrial genome sequence. Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny. 83: 427-445. DOI 10.3897/asp.83.e150460
Slightly modified from Camarda D, Lisi O, Stec D, Vecchi M. 2025. Description of a new genus and species of Isohypsibioidea (Tardigrada), together with its mitochondrial genome sequence. Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny. 83: 427-445. DOI 10.3897/asp.83.e150460
Camarda D, Lisi O, Stec D, Vecchi M. 2025. Description of a new genus and species of Isohypsibioidea (Tardigrada), together with its mitochondrial genome sequence. Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny. 83: 427-445. DOI 10.3897/asp.83.e150460

Citations:

Camarda D, Lisi O, Stec D, Vecchi M. 2025. Description of a new genus and species of Isohypsibioidea (Tardigrada), together with its mitochondrial genome sequence. Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny. 83: 427-445. https://doi.org/10.3897/asp.83.e150460

Claw Symmetry Relative To Median Plane Of Leg?

Image from Bingemer J, Hohberg K. 2017. An illustrated identification key to the eutardigrade species (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada) presently known from European soils. Soil Organisms. 89 (3): 127-149.

Stylet Support Insertion Point As Percentage Of Buccal Tube Length

Stylet support insertion point = ss divided by Buccal tube length, as %. Note anterior measurements begin at anterior margin of stylet sheaths, ss is centred where stylet supports reach buccal tube (this requires a good dorsal or lateral view for proper measurement)


Image from Tumanov DV. 2006. Five new species of the genus Milnesium (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Milnesiidae). Zootaxa. 1122: 1-23.

Buccal Tube Long, Mouth At Anterior Of A Protrusible Snout

Images from Pilato G, Binda MG. 2010. Definition of families, subfamilies, genera, and subgenera of the Eutardigrada, and keys to their identification. Zootaxa. 2404: 1-54.

Pharyngeal Tube With Spiral Reinforcement

Images from Pilato G, Binda MG. 2010. Definition of families, subfamilies, genera, and subgenera of the Eutardigrada, and keys to their identification. Zootaxa. 2404: 1-54.

Peribuccal papillae?

Images from Pilato G, Binda MG. 2010. Definition of families, subfamilies, genera, and subgenera of the Eutardigrada, and keys to their identification. Zootaxa. 2404: 1-54.

(Lateral) cephalic papillae, peribuccal papillae, Milnesiidae - type claws, exceptionally wide (and usually short) buccal tube?

Cephalic image modified from Nelson DR, Guidetti R, Rebecchi L. 2009. Tardigrada. Ch. 14 in Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates, Thorp JH, Covich AP (eds.), 3rd ed.

Claw image modified from Pilato G, Binda MG. 2010. Definition of families, subfamilies, genera, and subgenera of the Eutardigrada, and keys to their identification. Zootaxa. 2404: 1-54.

Pharyngeal tube flexible?

Note: in a tardigrade with snout extended, the flex of the pharyngeal tube may not be obvious.


Images from Pilato G, Binda MG. 2010. Definition of families, subfamilies, genera, and subgenera of the Eutardigrada, and keys to their identification. Zootaxa. 2404: 1-54.

Serrated / dentate cuff / collar on legs IV

Left image from Kristensen RM. 1987. Generic revision of the Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada), with a discussion of the origin of the family. pp. 261-335 in Bertolani R (ed). Biology of Tardigrades: Selected symposia and monographs.

Right Image from Richters F. 1926. Tardigrada. in Krumbach T. 1927. Handbuch der Zoologie, 3rd band, Walter de Gruyter & Co.

Leg sensory structures

Typically papilla on leg IV (se4 in image) and variable shape on leg I


Image from Kristensen RM. 1987. Generic revision of the Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada), with a discussion of the origin of the family. pp. 261-335 in Bertolani R (ed). Biology of Tardigrades: Selected symposia and monographs.

Trunk appendages

Appendages (after Cirrus A) labeled according to plate … B (Scapular plate), C (First segmental plate), D (Second segmental plate), E (terminal plate). “B” is lateral, “Bd” is dorsal

Be careful! There can be great variability within a population, with individuals (especially juveniles) lacking some appendages. When in doubt, focus on other characters first!


Left image from Ramazzotti G, Maucci W. 1983. Il phylum Tardigrada(III edizione riveduta e aggiornata). English translation by C. W. Beasley, 1995. Memorie dell’ Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia 41: 1-1012.

Right image cropped from Kristensen RM. 1987. Generic revision of the Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada), with a discussion of the origin of the family. pp. 261-335 in Bertolani R (ed). Biology of Tardigrades: Selected symposia and monographs.

Cirrus A form

Images modified from Kristensen RM. 1987. Generic revision of the Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada), with a discussion of the origin of the family. pp. 261-335 in Bertolani R (ed). Biology of Tardigrades: Selected symposia and monographs.

Lower image (Mopsechiniscus) modified from du Bois-Reymond Marcus E. 1944. Sobre tardigrados brasileiros. Communicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo. 1(13): 1-19 plus plates.

Terminal / caudal plate with two notches?

Images modified from Kristensen RM. 1987. Generic revision of the Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada), with a discussion of the origin of the family. pp. 261-335 in Bertolani R (ed). Biology of Tardigrades: Selected symposia and monographs.

First image (Echiniscus) modified from Richters F. 1926. Tardigrada. in Krumbach T. 1927. Handbuch der Zoologie, 3rd band, Walter de Gruyter & Co.

Inner & outer buccal cirri present

Image modified from Nelson DR, Guidetti R, Rebecchi L. 2009. Tardigrada. Ch. 14 in Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates, Thorp JH, Covich AP (eds.), 3rd ed.

Pseudosegmental plate between last medial plate & terminal plate?

Note on 2nd image, what you see before the terminal plate is either no plate, or a full-width medial plate; don’t confuse the latter with a pseudosegmental plate!
Also, sometimes the pseudosegmental plate is paired, like segmental plates II & III. It’s still pseudosegmental!

Images from Clifford HF. 1991. Aquatic invertebrates of Alberta. University of Alberta Press, Alberta, Canada.

Segmental plates larger than intersegmental?

Image modified from Lindahl & Balser (1999), http://www.iwu.edu/~tardisdp/Keypage35.html

Any Paired Plates?

Modified from Lindahl K, Balser S.  1999. Key to tardigrade genera [Internet]. Available from: https://sun.iwu.edu/~tardisdp/Keypage33.html